A. Gouki
Okazawa; Hidehiko Komatsu
Image
Statistics for Golden Appearance of a Painting by a Japanese Edo-era Artist
Jakuchu Ito
B. Humans
use color terms to categorize huge amount of colors in the real world. Previous
researches have shown that 11 basic color terms are sufficient to represent
colors in many languages but recently we have found that color terms gold and
silver are frequently used for images of objects with high specular
reflectances. However, there are objects that appear golden but do not have
clear highlights. One example can be found in Roshohakuho-zu, a painting drawn
by a Japanese artist Jakuchu Ito. To find image features generating the golden
appearance of this painting, we conducted psychophysical experiments using
image patches extracted from the painting. We found that correlation between
colors and luminances is related to goldness ratings evaluated by human subjects
and manipulation of the color-luminance correlation affects the goldness of
images. These results suggest that humans make use of the color-luminance
correlation to perceive golden appearance of images.
D. pp
68-79
E. People
like to use gold and silver to show light images.
Entry
2
A. John
L. Graham; N. Mark Lam
The
Chinese Negotiation
B. You’re
preparing for a business trip to China—armed with a list of etiquette how- tos,
stacks of business cards, and that conservative suit. These may get you through
the door at your Chinese counterpart’s company—but they won’t help you forge
the long-term associations Chinese and Western businesses can now achieve. To
do that, you need to understand the broad context of Chinese culture and values
and their impact on the Chinese negotiating style. Deep cultural differences
have created seemingly incompatible contrasts between Chinese and Westerners’
approaches to negotiation. Often, Chinese businesspeople see Americans as
aggressive, impersonal, and excitable. Westerners may see Chinese negotiators
as inefficient, indirect, and even dishonest. The consequence? Business
communications repeatedly break down. Four cultural threads underpin the
Chinese negotiating style. By understanding these—along with eight resulting
elements of negotiation—you can boost your chances of developing thriving,
mutually profitable business relationships.
C. milic.free.fr/texte/Ventes/negotiation-in
China.pdf
D. pp
3-10
E. People
who want to do business with Chinese should understand Chinese negotiation
style.
Entry 3
A. Yao
Min
A Comparative Study of Numerals in
Chinese and English Idioms
B. In
English and Chinese, there are a great number of idioms consisting of numerals,
which express ideas very vividly. This paper discusses the similarities between
the Chinese idioms and English idioms, such as formative patterns, the semantic
and rhetoric functions of numerals in both the languages. The formative
patterns mainly include the separate or repeated use of one numeral, and the
use of two or more numerals in succession or antithesis. In the semantic
aspects, numerals are exploited to record an actual number, to indicate an
understated or exaggerated amount, or to express a fixed thing. In addition,
numerals can be adopted as a means to achieve many rhetorical effects such as
hyperbole, metonymy, metaphor, euphemism, repetition and so on
D. pp.
98-101
E. English
and Chinese use numerals to create idioms.
Entry 4
A. Zhang
Qiu Hanqin; Terry Lam
An analysis of Mainland Chinese
visitors’ motivations to visit Hong Kong
B. China has become one of the
most important markets for the Hong Kong tourism industry. The importance of
China outbound market to Hong Kong has drawn scholars’ interests in
understanding what motivates Mainland Chinese to travel overseas. A model based
on push and pull factors is adopted as a conceptual framework for the study,
and the results indicate that the importance of push and pull factors in
motivating Chinese travelers can be different from that found in other studies.
The study also suggests that there is a significant relationship between travel
motivations and social demographic factors.
D. pp 587-594
E. Chinese travel to Hong Kong
because Hong Kong is an open window for the mainland Chinese to access the
outside world,
Entry
5
A. LiJie Yang; TianChen Xu
Animating Chinese ink painting
through generating reproducible brush strokes
B. By generating reproducible
brush strokes of Chinese ink painting, we propose an image-based tool for
lively displaying real painting process of Chinese ink painting. Contrasted
with previous work where the brush trajectory is explicitly specified as manual
input, we automatically extract this trajectory from the outlines of the shapes
to paint and model the brush footprints; first complex shape of an input image
is decomposed into brush strokes. Second, we estimate the brush trajectory with
shape outline and build a brush footprint model to measure the quality of the
trajectory constrained by the variation along a stroke of the painting process
parameters, such as location, size, and orientation of the footprints. Finally,
with our real-time rendering model, the estimated trajectories are dynamically
rendered into brush strokes by mapping footprint textures sampled from the
input images. It is particularly useful for analysis and appreciation of
Chinese ink painting, as well as for art practice and education.
D. Pp 1-13
E. Analyzing Chinese ink painting
could be very useful to art practice and education
Entry
6
A. Martin Lockett
Culture and the Problems of
Chinese Management
B. This article analyzes the
relationship between problems of management in the People's Republic of China
and Chinese culture. Five problem areas are outlined: (i) organizational
structure; (ii) management skills and succession, (iii) Party/management
relations; (iv) operational; and (v) motivation and labour discipline. Chinese
culture is seen to have four main features affecting organizations: (a) respect
for age and hierarchy; (b) group orientation; (c) face; (d) the importance of
relationships. It is argued that these can reinforce management problems
arising from a planned economy, as well as undermining the legitimacy of formal
organization. In the future, it is likely that moves towards Western management
methods may not have the desired effects as a result of cultural influences.
D. pp 304-316
E. Chinese culture will affect
the influence of Western management methods.
Entry7
A.
Ying Fan
A classification of Chinese
culture
B. Presents a classification of
Chinese Cultural values stating that these can be identified with Chinese
people no matter where they live. Creates a new list of 71 core values using
the 40 old values listed by the Chinese Cultural Connection in 1987 as its
basis. Discusses the implications and limitations of this list.
D. pp 3-10
E. Chinese people who are in
different class have different value.
Entry
8
A.
Asmus Freytag
Character
folding
B. This report identifies a set
of character foldings, in other words, operations that map similar characters
to a common target. Such operations are used to ignore certain distinctions
between similar characters. The report also provides an algorithm for applying
these operations to searching.
D. pp 1-12
E. Character folding provide a
new algorithm for operations.
Entry9
A. Reiko Chiba
Painted Fans of Japan: Fifteen
Noh Drama Masterpieces
B. The chief purpose of this
modest little book is to present for Westerners some of the gorgeous paintings
found on fans used in tne traditional Japanese Non drama. Painting as limited
to conform to the fan shape has teen practiced for hundreds of years in Japan,
even hy such immortal artists as Sotatsu and Korin Until now, however, there
has heen no popularly availahle volume of reproductions to reveal the almost
limitless possibilities in color, design, and perspective within this
restricted form of painting, The artists whose works
C. are reproduced in this book
are unknown, and the time when the works were painted can only he estimated as
early (1601-1741), middle ( 1742-1791 ) , or late ( 1792-1867 ) Totugawa, the
period of Japanese history that extended from the beginning of the seventeenth
century to well past the middle of the nineteenth.
D. library.kean.edu:2123/(S(swsh20t2x5mfl3wvyyq5oq5q))/Reader.aspx?p=1098406&o=295&u=n5lMB9N21OcfcCR%2fw5hq0A%3d%3d&t=1399014348&h=957F0CC025AD10682322DC292A956F2EBE7C8633&s=22959565&ut=906&pg=1&r=img&c=-1&pat=n&cms=-1#
E. Pp 4-38
F.
There is a long history that Japanese artist paint on fans.
Entry10
A. Ko-Lin Chin; Jeffrey Fagan;
Robert J. Kelly
Patterns of Chinese gang
extortion
B. Although it is widely
acknowledged that Chinese businesses are victims of extortion by Asian youth
gangs, there is little reliable information with which to examine the patterns
and social processes of the problem. This paper explores the structure of
extortion and other forms of victimization based on surveys of 603
Chinese-owned businesses in three Chinese neighborhoods in New York City. It
focuses on the patterns, processes, and extent of Chinese gang victimization,
and on how the political economy and sociocultural contexts of the Chinese
community have regularized and institutionalized the forms of gang
victimization.
C. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07418829200091581
D. Pp 625-646
E. Patterns of how do Chinese
gangs extort Chinese business.
Entry11
A. Lixing Dong; Shufang Lu;
Xiaogang Jin
Real-time image-based chinese
ink painting rendering
B. Chinese ink painting, also
known as ink and wash painting, is a technically demanding art form. Creating
Chinese ink paintings usually requires great skill, concentration, and years of
training. This paper presents a novel real-time, automatic framework to convert
images into Chinese ink painting style. Given an input image, we first
construct its saliency map which captures the visual contents in perceptually
salient regions. Next, the image is abstracted and its salient edges are
calculated with the help of the saliency map. Then, the abstracted image is
diffused by a non-physical ink diffusion process. After that, we combine the
diffused image and the salient edges to obtain a composition image. Finally,
the composition image is decolorized and texture advected to synthesize the
resulting image with Chinese ink painting style. The whole pipeline is
implemented on the GPU, enabling a real-time performance. We also propose some
optional steps (foreground segmentation and image inversion) to improve the
rendering quality. Experimental results show that our model is two to three
orders of magnitude faster, while producing results comparable the ones
obtained with the current image-based Chinese ink painting rendering method.
D. pp 605-620
E. There is application could
transform images to Chinese ink painting style.
Entry12
A. SongHai Zhang; Tao Chen; YiFei
Zhang; ShiMin Hu; Ralph Martin
Video-based running water
animation in Chinese painting style
B. This paper presents a novel
algorithm for synthesizing animations of running water, such as waterfalls and
rivers, in the style of Chinese paintings, for applications such as cartoon
making. All video frames are first registered in a common coordinate system,
simultaneously segmenting the water from background and computing optical flow
of the water. Taking artists’ advice into account, we produce a painting structure
to guide painting of brush strokes. Flow lines are placed in the water
following an analysis of variance of optical flow, to cause strokes to be drawn
where the water is flowing smoothly, rather than in turbulent areas: this
allows a few moving strokes to depict the trends of the water flows. A variety
of brush strokes is then drawn using a template determined from real Chinese
paintings. The novel contributions of this paper are: a method for painting
structure generation for flows in videos, and a method for stroke placement,
with the necessary temporal coherence
D. pp 162-171
E. Draw running water in digital
way by using template of Chinese painting.
Entry13
A. Robert M. Marsh
Weber’s Misunderstanding of
Traditional Chinese Law
B. Using his ideal‐types of the rationalization of legal systems, Max Weber classified modern
Western European law as formally rational, traditional Chinese law as
substantively irrational. In light of recent research by specialists in pre‐20th‐century Chinese law, Weber is
shown to have had several serious misunderstandings. Chinese officials’
arbitrary discretion in judicial decision making was much more limited than
Weber thought, and what limited it was not primarily “sacred tradition,” but
officials’ obligation to adjudicate according to the written law. There was
more legal expertise in the system than Weber realized. By the time of the
Ch’ing dynasty (1644–1912), China’s legal system approximated Weber’s
substantively rational type more than the substantively irrational type.
Finally, Weber’ s model for formally rational law—the “conceptual
jurisprudence” of late‐19th‐century German civil law—is no
longer regarded as the model for modern law. Therefore, students of comparative
law who wish to build from Weber’ s ideal‐types need to rethink what the defining characteristics of “modern law”
should be.
D. pp 281-302
E. Weber’s model for formally
rational law was not the model of modern law and he misunderstand traditional
Chinese law.
Entry14
A. Chou Chih-P’ing
A Historian Looks at Chinese
Painting
B. I know practically nothing of
Chinese art in general and Chinese painting in particular. But I have a notion
that Chinese art might be studied as an integral part of the history of Chinese
culture. In particular, I am curious to find out whether I could apply to the
study of Chinese art certain general conclusions which I have found useful in
my researches in the history of Chinese literature.
D. pp 141-147
E. Chinese art is a part of
Chinese history
Entry15
A. Elisabeth Reh
A Study in Gender - BBC’s
Sherlock, Masculinity and Gender Identities in the Transmedia Fandom
B. In this paper, I will describe
how masculinity is performed in the BBC series and furthermore I will analyze
the depiction of this “new Sherlock Holmes” in fan art and fan fiction. In my
conclusion I willevaluate my analysis in respect to the question if the
depiction of masculinity in the BBC series Sherlock as well as the portrayal of
Sherlock Holmes in fan art and fan fiction hintstowards a change in female
gender perception and performance.
C. Gender research in BBC
television show Sherlock
Entry16
A. Jay Arre Toque; Masateru
Komori; Yusuke Murayama; Ari Ide-Ektessabi
Analytical Imaging of
Traditional Japanese Paintings Using Multispectral Images
B. In this study, the influence
of lighting conditions on the reconstruction of spectral reflectance and image
stitching was explored. Pigment estimation using the reconstructed spectral
reflectance was also discussed. Spectral reflectance was estimated using
pseudoinverse model from multispectral images of a traditional Japanese
painting. It was observed that the accuracy of the estimation is greatly
influenced by lighting conditions. High specular reflection on the target
yielded large amount of estimation errors. On the other hand, it was observed
that in addition to specular reflection, the distribution of light highly
affects image stitching. Image stitching is important especially when acquiring
images of large objects. Finally, pigments used on the painting were estimated
using spectral curve matching of the reconstructed spectral reflectance
compared to a pigment database. It was shown that multispectral images could be
used for the analytical imaging of artworks.
D. pp 119-132
E. Multispectral images could be
used for the analytical imaging of artworks by researching for Japanese
painting.
Entry17
A. Shuqiang Jiang; Tiejun Huang
Categorizing Traditional
Chinese Painting Images
B. Traditional Chinese painting
(“Guohua”) is the gem of Chinese traditional arts. More and more Guohua images
are digitized and exhibited on the Internet. Effectively browsing and
retrieving them is an important problem need to be addressed. This paper
proposes a method to categorize them into Gongbi and Xieyi schools, which are
two basic types of traditional Chinese paintings. A new low-level feature
called edge-size histogram is proposed and used to achieve such a high level
classification. Autocorrelation texture feature is also used. Our method based
on SVM classifier achieves a classification accuracy of over 94% on a 3688
traditional Chinese painting database.
D. pp 1-8
E. Chinese painting are
digitalized in many different ways.
Entry18
A. Kualo
Chinese numerals
B. The Suzhou numerals system is
a version of the rod numeral systems that were formerly used in China. The
Suzhou numerals developed from the Southern Song rod numerals. They were a
positional system used as a form of shorthand in bookkeeping and accounting,
and were popular in markets, particularly in Hong Kong, until the 1990s, since
when they have been replaced by Western numerals. These numerals are also known
as 花碼 [花码] (huā mă)
D. pp 1
E. The Suzhou numeral is a
ancient Chinese numeral that used in business.
Entry19
A. Michael Harris Bond
Emotions and their expression
in Chinese culture
B. This paper attempts to
integrate the scattered studies on Chinese emotion and proposes some
methodological and substantive suggestions for future work. Emotions are
construed as interpretations of physiological response to important social
events with these interpretations guiding behavior. Concerning interpretation,
the dimensions used by Chinese to understand emotion-eliciting events are the
same as those found in many other cultures. Which sorts of events are keyed to
these dimensions appear to differ, however, in ways consistent with theorizing
about power distance and collectivism. Concerning physiological reactions,
there appears again to be evidence for universality in the pattern of response
for given emotions. What differs in Chinese culture is the lower frequency,
intensity and duration with which emotions are typically experienced. Cultural
beliefs about emotions support this general moderation and have implications
for conceptions of psychopathology. Concerning the action component of
emotions, evidence suggests that the expression of emotion is carefully
regulated out of concern for its capacity to disrupt group harmony and status
hierarchies. It is concluded that all these features of Chinese emotional
responding are likely to be found in other groups that share cultural
characteristics with the Chinese. Virtue is the establishing of perfect
harmony. —Chuang Tzu
D. Pp 245-262
E. The expression of emotion is
influenced by Chinese culture.
Entry20
A. Wikipedia
The Suzhou numerals
B. The
Suzhou numerals (Chinese su1zhou1ma3zi) are special numeric forms used by
traders to display the prices of goods. The use of "HANGZHOU" in the
names is a misnomer.
D. pp 1
E. Suzhou numerals are called
Hangzhou numerals in Unicode system.
A. Asmus Freytag; Rick McGowan;
Ken Whistler
UTN #27: Known anomalies in Unicode
Character Names
B. This document provides
information on many known anomalies in the formal character names in the
Unicode Standard.
D. pp 1
E. Suzhou numerals are called
Hangzhou numerals in Unicode system.
Entry22
A. Asha Goldweber; Julia
Dmitrieva; Elizabeth Cauffman; Alex R. Piquero; Laurence Steinberg
The Development of Criminal
Style in Adolescence and Young Adulthood: Separating the Lemmings from the
Loners
B. Despite broad consensus that
most juvenile crimes are committed with peers, many questions regarding
developmental and individual differences in criminal style (i.e., co-offending
vs. solo offending) remain unanswered. Using prospective 3-year longitudinal
data from 937 14- to 17-year-old serious male offenders, the present study
investigates whether youths tend to offend alone, in groups, or a combination
of the two; whether these patterns change with age; and whether youths who
engage in a particular style share distinguishing characteristics. Trajectory
analyses examining criminal styles over age revealed that, while most youth
evinced both types of offending, two distinct groups emerged: an increasingly
solo offender trajectory (83%); and a mixed style offender trajectory (17%).
Alternate analyses revealed (5.5%) exclusively solo offenders (i.e., only
committed solo offenses over 3 years). There were no significant differences
between groups in individuals’ reported number of friends, quality of friendships,
or extraversion. However, the increasingly solo and exclusively solo offenders
reported more psychosocial maturity, lower rates of anxiety, fewer psychopathic
traits, less gang involvement and less self reported offending than mixed style
offenders. Findings suggest that increasingly and exclusively solo offenders
are not loners, as they are sometimes portrayed, and that exclusively solo
offending during adolescence, while rare and previously misunderstood, may not
be a risk factor in and of itself.
D. Pp 332-346
E. Young adults commit a crime
because of peers.
Entry23
A. John Huey-Long Song; John
Dombrink
Asian Emerging Crime Groups:
Examining the Definition of Organized Crime
B. This article examines the
definition, structure, and operation of one set of contemporary emerging crime
groups-Asian racketeers. The article describes how Japanese, Chinese, and
Vietnamese criminal groups differ in their structural forms because of culture,
immigration patterns, function, and other factors and analyzes them according
to Maltz's 1985 article on defining organized crime.
D. Pp 228-243
E. Criminal groups have different
structure because of different culture.
Entry24
A. Niu Aijun; Yu Dinghai
Development of Wushu Industry
from the Angle of Cultural and Creative Industries
B.
Wushu industry belongs to cultural and
creative industries. Creativity is the core motivation of its development. And intellectual
property is the focal point of its development. In the course of industry
development, the stress should be laid on exploring the resources of wushu, making
a full use of the different marketing channels and bringing up
interdisciplinary wushu talents.
D. pp 74-76
E. Wushu could develop in a
creative way.
Entry25
A. Wei Sun
Dimensions of Difficulties
Mainland Chinese Students Encounter in the United States
B. This study was designed to
investigate the difficulties Mainland Chinese students encountered in the process
of adjusting to American culture. In-depth interviews were conducted in this
study to collect information from 10 Mainland Chinese students. From the
recurring themes of answers of each question three dimensions of difficulties Mainland
Chinese students encountered in the United States were identified: language
ability, cultural awareness, and academic achievements. Directions for future
research and limitations of the study were discussed.
D. pp 19-30
E. Chinese students who study in
abroad are facing language and culture problems.
Entry26
A. Shen Yizhen
Creating National Image: A New
Mission of Film and TV art
B.
On the base of defining the conception
"national image" and classifying different kinds of foreigners'
misunderstand of Chinese national image, the author presented that the rivalry
between Hollywood films and other countries' films is the rivalry between
American image in the Hollywood films and the national images in the other
countries' films to a certain extent. Therefore, in a sense to create a better
national image becomes an unavoidable, primary and long-term mission for all
kinds of art and literature including film and TV art.
D. pp 164-167
E. China could show our national
image by film and TV.
Entry27
A. Chun Hui; George Graen
Guanxi and professional
leadership in contemporary Sino-American joint ventures in mainland China
B. In Sino-American joint
ventures in mainland China, cross-cultural differences regarding the relational
components can produce misunderstanding and conflict. The Chinese relational
system called Guanxi can render Western leadership relations such as articulated
in Leader-member Exchange Theory (LMX), compromised. We examine the roles of a
post modern organization career-based leadership relationship (LMX) and the
Confucianism supported feudal/family-based relationship (guanxi) in building
successful organizational cultures in contemporary mainland China. We discuss
the weakening of traditional guanxi by the events of the last fifty years.
Recommendations for synthesizing the two different relational components into a
third culture are offered and discussed.
D. pp 451-465
E. Effect from Chinese
traditional guanxi.
Entry28
A. Zhang Chuanbiao; Miu Min
On Misunderstanding of
"Foreignization"
B.
The multi-dimensionality of language and
the cultural differences it encodes make it impossible to achieve absolute
equivalence in literary translation. The over-emphasis of foreignization
in recent years seems to be a quite abnormal phenomenon. Not any translated
literary text with obscure words is worth praising, be it by means of
foreignization, domestication or whatever. The readability is the touchstone to
inspect the quality of literary translation. The author calls for allowance on
the parties involved in translation studies to allow different schools of
translation studies to compete on the same stage so as to usher in a new era of
prosperity in translation studies in China.
D. pp 49-53
E. We don’t need to over-emphasis
the foreignization in translation.
Entry 29
Cai Jigang
Misunderstanding and Prejudice
:Barriers to the Development of ESP in China
In recent years ESP has
enjoyed growing popularity in English teaching at tertiary level. But coupled
with it is the strong negative tone. It is criticized that it is not
appropriate to implement ESP in China as language teachers lack disciplinary
knowledge and students’ English proficiency is lower. It is also believed that
ESP is not an efficient way to improve students’ English, nor to contribute to
liberal education. The paper analyzes these opinions and concludes that the
criticism arises from a misunderstanding and prejudice of ESP—the major
barriers to the development of ESP in China.
pp 58-62
This article is about
development of ESP in China.
Entry 30
Steven
D.
Culture
and self-perception in Japan and the United States.
I
examined the influence of cultural meaning systems on the perception of self
among Japanese and American (United States) college students. Given the
importance of social context to the Japanese self as compared with the U.S.
self, I used two types of free-response format: the noncontextualized Twenty
Statements Test (TST), and a contextualized questionnaire asking subjects to
describe themselves in various situations. Consistent with prior research, on
the TST, Japanese subjects listed fewer abstract, psychological attributes than
did American subjects, referring more to social role and behavioral context. On
the contextualized format, however, this trend was reversed. Japanese scored
higher on abstract, psychological attributes than did Americans, who tended to
qualify their self-descriptions. In addition, on the TST, Japanese surpassed
Americans in the number of highly abstract, global self-references. Results
point to the impact of divergent cultural conceptions of the person rather than
differences in cognitive ability on the perception of self in these two
cultures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
psycnet.apa.org/journals/psp/56/1/124/
pp 124-131
Culture will influence
self-assessment.
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